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Veröffentlicht: Dienstag, 25. April 2017 08:36 | Geschrieben von Super User | Drucken | E-Mail | Zugriffe: 4714

Titel	Polyethylene bio-degradation by caterpillars of the wax moth Galleria mellonella
Subtitel
Author	Paolo Bombelli, Christopher J. Howe, Federica Bertocchini

Abstract	Plastics are synthetic polymers derived from fossil oil and largely resistant to biodegradation. Polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) represent ∼92% of total plastic production. PE is largely utilized in packaging, representing ∼40% of total demand for plastic products (www.plasticseurope.org) with over a trillion plastic bags used every year [1] . Plastic production has increased exponentially in the past 50 years ( Figure S1 A in Supplemental Information , published with this article online). In the 27 EU countries plus Norway and Switzerland up to 38% of plastic is discarded in landfills, with the rest utilized for recycling (26%) and energy recovery (36%) via combustion (www.plasticseurope.org), carrying a heavy environmental impact. Therefore, new solutions for plastic degradation are urgently needed. We report the fast bio-degradation of PE by larvae of the wax moth Galleria mellonella, producing ethylene glycol.
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dx.doi.org / URL	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.02.060
Published	Current Biology

Attachments:
File	Description	File size	Downloads
S0960-9822(17)30231-2.pdf		340 kB	2016

Veröffentlicht: Donnerstag, 09. Februar 2017 09:48 | Geschrieben von Super User | Drucken | E-Mail | Zugriffe: 4525

Titel	Beekeeping from Antiquity Through the Middle Ages
Subtitel
Author	Gene Kritsky

Abstract	Beekeeping had its origins in honey hunting—the opportunistic stealing of honey from wild honey bee nests. True beekeeping began when humans started providing artificial cavities within which the bees could build comb for the queen to lay her eggs and the workers could process honey. By 2450 BCE, the Egyptians had developed sophisticated apiculture, and, within two millennia, beekeeping with horizontal hives had spread throughout the Mediterranean. During Europe’s Middle Ages, honey and wax became important commodities for trade, and beekeeping in skep, log, box, and tree hives flourished to meet the demand. Other species of honey bees contributed to the development and spread of beekeeping in Asia beginning around 300 BCE. Meanwhile, beekeeping evolved independently in Mesoamerica with the stingless bee Melipona beecheii, as documented by archaeological finds and written accounts that survived Spanish conquest.
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dx.doi.org / URL	10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035115
Published	Annual Review of Entomology